Verb कार्य का होना दर्शाता है | अत: verb को ‘doing word‘ भी कहते है|
Verb को दो वर्गों में बांटा जा सकता है।
(i) Helping Verb
(ii) Main Verb
(i) Helping Verb को दो वर्गों में बांटा जा सकता है।
(a) Modals :जो Main Verb का कार्य नहीं कर सकते हैं|
जैसे: Could, May, etc.
नोट: Need, dare एवं used to (Marginal Auxiliary Verbs) Need एवं Dare modal एवं main verb दोनों का कार्य कर सकते है
♦ Used to modal एवं adjective दोनों का कार्य कर सकता है |
(b) Primary Auxiliary Verbs (Be, Do, Have) : जो Helping verb एवं Main verb दोनों का कार्य कर सकते है |
(ii) Main verb
♦ Main verb के अंतर्गत हम उन verbs को पढ़ते है जो वाक्य के मुख्य क्रिया के स्थान पर आते हैं|
Auxiliary verbs: वे verbs जो अन्य verbs के साथ प्रयुक्त होते हैं| Auxiliary verbs कहलाते हैं | इन्हे helping verbs भी कहा जाता है|
1. Modal Auxiliary Verbs : Can, Could, May, Might, Shall, Will, Would, Should, Must, Ought to Modal Auxiliary Verbs है| इनका प्रयोग सिर्फ helping verb के रूप में ही किया जा सकता है|
(a) She can run fast.
(b) You should study English.
2. Marginal Auxiliary Verbs : Used to, need, dare Marginal Auxiliary Verbs हैं|
ये ऐसे Modals है जिनका प्रयोग वाक्य में Main Verb (need एवं dare) और adjective (used to) के रूप में भी हो सकता है|
जैसे: 1. I am used to sleeping late at night.
2. (a) I need you.
(b) You need not come tomorrow.
3. (a) She does not dare to come home late.
(b) I dare not enter his room without permission.
Auxiliary Verbs के कुछ मुख्य बिंदु
Rule (1): Modal Auxiliary Verbs का प्रयोग Main Verbs के रूप में नहीं होता है | इसका प्रयोग Helping Verbs के रूप में होता है|
जैसे: I can lift this box
He should work hard.
Rule (2): Modal Auxiliary verbs का V1, V2, V3, ing-form या s/es-form नहीं होते है| इसका प्रयोग सभी Numbers तथा persons के Subjects के साथ हमेशा एक ही रूप में होता है | अर्थात इसके रूप (form) में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता है |
जैसे: he can help you.
You should understand you friends.
Rule (3):Ought तथा Used के बाद Infinitive ‘to + V1’ का प्रयोग होता है|
जैसे: We ought to respect our parents.
He used to come late.
Use of Modal Auxiliary Verbs
Can एवं could
Rule (1): Can का प्रयोग power (शक्ति), ability (योग्यता ), capacity (सामर्थ्य / क्षमता) को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है | Could का प्रयोग Past ability/ power/ capacity (भूतकाल की योग्यता/ शक्ति/ सामर्थ्य) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: 1. He can lift the box.
2. I could not come yesterday.
Rule (2): Can का प्रयोग permission (अनुमति) देने के भाव को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: 1. You can go now.
Rule (3): Can का प्रयोग theoretical possibility (सैद्धांतिक सम्भावना) को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: Everyone can make a mistake.
Rule (4): Could का प्रयोग remote possibility व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: There could be a bomb under your seat.
Rule (5): Can का प्रयोग ‘दोस्ताना निवेदन’ करने वाले प्रश्नात्मक वाक्यों में किया जाता है एवं Could ‘औपचारिक निवेदन’ करने वाले प्रश्नात्मक वाक्यों में |
1. Can I take your scooter?
2. Could I talk to Mr. Shukla?
Note: ‘able to‘ का प्रयोग ‘can/could‘ के साथ न करें क्योंकि दोनों क्षमता दर्शाते हैं|
I cannot be able to come tomorrow. (×)
नोट: ऐसा करके हम अपने वाक्य को superfluous बना देते हैं| ‘superfluous‘ के अर्थ हैं ‘more than what is needed‘.
इस वाक्य का सही formation होगा-
I cannot come tomorrow. (✓)
I will not be able to come tomorrow. (✓)
May, Might एवं Must
Rule (1): May का प्रयोग सम्भावना / अनिश्चितता के भाव को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: It may rain tonight.
Rule (2): May का प्रयोग इच्छा को व्यक्त करने के लिए optative sentence में होता है|
जैसे: May you live long !
Rule (3): यदि Principal clause Present Tense में हो तथा subordinate clause that/so that/ in order that से प्रारम्भ हो तथा इससे purpose (उद्देश्य) का बोध हो तो subordinate clause में may का प्रयोग होता है|
जैसे: We eat so that we may live.
Rule (4): Might का प्रयोग less possibility (कम सम्भावना ) के भाव को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है जबकि may का प्रयोग more possibility (ज्यादा सम्भावना) के भाव को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: He might pass the exam but seeing his intelligence, I do not have much hope.
Rule (5): अगर सम्भावना बहुत अधिक हो तो Must का प्रयोग करें|
जैसे: He stays in five-star hotels and travels by flight. He must be very rich.
Rule (6): ‘May’ का प्रयोग सम्मान के साथ निवेदन करने के लिए प्रश्नात्मक वाक्यों में किया जाता है|
जैसे: May I come in sir?
नोट: May एवं Might के साथ ‘Possibly‘ एवं ‘likely‘ का प्रयोग न करें क्योंकि दोनों संभावनाएं दर्शाते हैं|
We may possibly come tomorrow. (×) (Superfluous)
We may come tomorrow. (✓)
We will possibly come tomorrow. (✓)
Shall एवं Will
Rule (1): Shall का प्रयोग first person के Subjects I/We के साथ future के किसी कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है| बाकी subjects के साथ ‘will‘ का प्रयोग करें|
जैसे: I shall go to college tomorrow and he will come with me.
♦ Modern English में हम ‘I‘ एवं ‘we‘ के साथ ‘will‘ का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं जो अब स्वीकार्य है लेकिन interrogative sentence में अब भी ‘I‘ एवं ‘we‘ के साथ ‘shall‘ का प्रयोग होता है|
जैसे: Will I go? (×)
Shall I go? (✓)
नोट: Shall का प्रयोग second person के साथ Subject – you तथा third person के Subjects – He,she, it, they, के साथ command (आदेश) promise (वादा) threat (धमकी), determination (दृढ़संकल्प) compulsion (अनिवार्यता) एवं Advice (सलाह) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है| इसी प्रकार के वाक्यों में will का प्रयोग I एवं We के साथ होता है|
जैसे: (a) Command (आदेश)
You shall leave the room at once.
(b) Promise (प्रतिज्ञा/वादा)
You shall be awarded.
I will help you come what may.
(c) Threat (धमकी)
Trespassers shall be prosecuted.
I will punish you.
(d) Determination (दृढ़संकल्प)
I will work hard and score good marks.
(e) Compulsion (अनिवार्यता)
You shall be here for the meeting.
I will have to finish this work.
Rule (2): Let us/ let’s से शुरू होने वाले Imperative sentences के question tags में भी ‘shall’ का प्रयोग होता है|
जैसे: Let us dance together, shall we ?
Rule (3): Shall का प्रयोग suggestions (सुझावों ) को व्यक्त करने वाले Interrogative sentence में first person के subjects के साथ होता है| जैसे: Shall we talk to the management?
नोट: ‘Shall’ एवं ‘will’ का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित प्रकार के वाक्यों में नहीं होता है-
1. अगर वाक्य past से शुरू हो –
जैसे: He hoped that he will/would pass the test.
♦ अगर वाक्य past से शुरू हो तो ‘Will/ shall‘ नहीं ‘would/ should‘ का प्रयोग होगा| दरअसल ये नियम तब भी लागु होते है जब ‘will/shall‘ के स्थान पर कोई और Modal या verb का प्रयोग हुआ हो|
जैसे: He said that he is was coming.
2. अगर दो कार्य भविष्य में एक के बाद एक हो और दूसरे कार्य के पहले कार्य के होने पर निर्भर करे तो पहला कार्य Simple Present Tense में होगा और दूसरा simple future tense में| हमें हिंदी से English Translation करने की आदत होती है जिसकी वजह से हम पहले कार्य को भी simple future में प्रयोग कर लेते हैं | जैसे: अगर मैं आऊँगी तो आप से मिलूंगी|
If I will come, I will meet you. (×)
If I come, I will meet you. (✓)
♦ निम्नलिखित शब्दों को देखें | इनके तुरंत बाद simple future tense का प्रयोग नहीं होता है बल्कि simple present tense का प्रयोग होता है|
If, as soon as, in case, provided, unless, until, before, after, when.
Would
Rule (1): Would का प्रयोग Past habit को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: I would go to school by bus.
Rule (2): ‘Would’ का प्रयोग ‘preference‘(पसंद/प्राथमिकता) या ‘choice‘(पसंद/चुनाव) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है| सामान्यत: ऐसे वाक्यों में ‘rather‘ का भी प्रयोग होता है|
जैसे: He would rather die than beg.
Rule (3): अगर वाक्य का आरम्भ Past में हो तो वाक्य आगे Past में ही रहेगा और ‘Will‘ का Past Tense ‘Would‘ होता है|
जैसे: He hoped that he would pass.
Rule (4):’Would’, ‘used to‘ एवं ‘Simple Past tense‘ तीनों का प्रयोग भूतकाल के Routine Action को दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: I used to go to school by bus. I would return on foot. We played for hours before returning home.
Rule (5): Would का प्रयोग Present या Past के कोरी कल्पना को व्यक्त करने वाले वाक्यों के Principal clause में होता है|
जैसे: If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.
नोट: अगर वाक्य काल्पनिक पद से सम्बंधित हो तो सभी ‘subjects‘ के साथ were का प्रयोग करें|
जैसे: I wish, I were a bird.
♦ निम्नलिखित शब्दों से वाक्य के काल्पनिक होने का आभास होता है | इनके साथ ‘was‘ का प्रयोग नहीं होगा|
जैसे: I wish, as though, if, as if, would that एवं suppose.
Rule (6):’Would’ का प्रयोग ‘will‘ के Past form के रूप में Indirect speech में होता है| जैसे:
He said, “He will go there.” (Direct)
He said that he would go there. (Indirect)
Rule (7): Would का प्रयोग Polite request को व्यक्त करने के लिए प्रश्नात्मक वाक्यों में होता है|
जैसे: Would you help me ?
Rule (8): Would का प्रयोग Probability (संभावना) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: He would be sleeping.
Rule (9): Would का प्रयोग wish (इच्छा) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: I wish, India would become a developed country soon.
Rule (10):’Would like to‘ का प्रयोग भी wish (इच्छा) को व्यक्त करने के लिए होता है|
जैसे: I would like to talk to the manager
Should
Rule (1): Should का प्रयोग suggestion (सलाह) देने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: You should study English.
Rule (2): ‘Should’ का प्रयोग ‘advice‘ देने के भाव को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: You should not laugh at his mistakes.
Rule (3): Should का प्रयोग lest के बाद negative purpose (नकारात्मक उद्देश्य) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: He ran fast lest he should miss the train.
नोट: lest के साथ simple present tense का भी प्रयोग हो सकता है|
जैसे: Take care lest you fall.
Ought to
Rule (1): Ought to का प्रयोग moral obligation (नैतिक कर्तव्य) या duty को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: We ought to love our country.
Must
Rule (1): Must का प्रयोग compulsion (बाध्यता) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: Candidates must write in ink.
Rule (2): Must का प्रयोग fixed determination (पक्का इरादा/ दृढ़ संकल्प) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: India must win the world cup.
Rule (3): Must का प्रयोग duty (कर्तव्य) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: A soldier must fight for his country.
Used to
(i) Used to का प्रयोग Past habit/situation (भूतकाल की आदत/ अवस्था) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है|
जैसे: He used to study till 10 PM.
(ii) ‘Use to’ or ‘uses to‘ का प्रयोग Present routine action को व्यक्त करने के लिए नहीं होता है बल्कि Present routine action को व्यक्त करने के लिए Simple Present Tense का प्रयोग होता है|
जैसे: He uses to study till 10 p.m and then goes to bed. (×)
He studies till 10 p.m and then goes to bed. (✓)
नोट: (i) Used to का प्रयोग affirmative, negative तथा Interrogative sentences में इस प्रकार होता है | जैसे:
(a) Affirmative
He used to come here.
(b) Negative
He used not to come here.
He did not use to come here.
(c) Interrogative
Used he to come here?
Did he use to come here?
नोट: ‘Verb + used to‘ के बाद ‘V1 + ing‘ का प्रयोग होता है और ये ‘habitual action‘ को दर्शाता है|
जैसे: I am used to getting up late in the morning.
नोट: कई Verbs/adjective/phrase के बाद ‘to‘ का प्रयोग होता है| यहाँ to के बाद V1 का प्रयोग नहीं होगा बल्कि ‘V1 + ing‘ का प्रयोग होगा|
जैसे: Be used to, accustomed to, averse to, with a view to, addicted to, devoted to, in addition to, look forward to, object to, owing to, given to, taken to, prone to.
जैसे: 1. He is addicted to smoking.
2. I am looking forward to meeting you.
3. He was used to driving on the right when he was in London.
Dare एवं Need
♦ ‘Dare’ दुस्साहस व्यक्त करता है और ‘Need‘ जरुरत |
♦ Dare तथा Need का प्रयोग Main Verb एवं modal दोनों ही रूप में होता है|
जैसे: (1) He needs me.
(2) She does not dare to go there.
(3) You need not come tomorrow.
♦ Need एवं Dare का प्रयोग modal के रूप में +ve वाक्यों में नहीं होता|
(1) I need help him . (×)
(2) I need to help him. (✓)
♦ अगर ‘dare‘ एवं ‘need‘ का प्रयोग +ve वाक्यों में हो तो उसके बाद ‘to + V1‘ का प्रयोग होता है|
जैसे: (1) He needs to work hard.
(2) He will not dare to come here.
♦ अगर need एवं dare का प्रयोग helping verb के रूप में हो तो -ve वाक्यों में need एवं dare के बाद ‘to‘ का प्रयोग नहीं होता|
(1) I need not come tomorrow.
(2) He dare not cheat anyone again.
♦ निवेदन करने के लिए निम्नलिखित Modals का प्रयोग किया जाता है|
| Modals | Use | Examples |
| Can | Friendly Request | Can I take Your bike ? |
| Could | Formal Request | Could I talk to Mr. Singh ? |
| May | Request with Respect | May I come in Sir ? |
| Would | Polite Request | Would You help me ? |
♦ विभिन्न काल एवं Voice में Modals अलग अलग formulae में प्रयुक्त होते है| निचे दिए गए सारणी में इसका प्रयोग देखें|
| Modals | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| Indefinite | Sub+modal+V1+obj. | Obj + modal + be + V3 + by + sub. |
| Continuous | Sub + modal + be + V + ing + obj. | ××××× |
| Perfect | Sub + modal + have + V3 + obj. | Obj + modal + have + been + V3 + by + sub. |
| Would | Sub + modal + have + been + V1 + ing + obj + for / since + time. | ××××× |
♦ ऊपर दिए गए सभी formulae को देखें| आप पाएंगे कि Modal के तुरंत बाद verb का प्रयोग ‘V1’ form में होता है|
♦ Modals का प्रयोग ‘Perfect‘ में निचे दिए गए formula में देखें और उसका विशेष अर्थ भी उदाहरण में देखें |
Sub + modal + have +V3 + obj
♦ कई बार जहाँ Modal + have + V का प्रयोग करते हैं | (जैसे: should have come, could have gone, need not have seen इत्यादि) तो वाक्य में एक छिपा हुआ अर्थ भी होता है जो वाक्य के अर्थ के विपरीत होता है|
जैसे: (1) I could score good marks. (Meaning-I had the ability)
(2) I could have scored good marks. (Hidden meaning -I didn’t score though I had the ability)
(3) You should work hard. (Just a suggestion)
(4) You should have worked hard. (Hidden Meaning – You didn’t)
♦ Primary Auxiliary Verbs: Do, Have, Be Primary Auxiliary Verbs हैं| इन Verbs का प्रयोग Main Verb एवं Helping Verb दोनों ही रूप में किया जा सकता है|
जैसे: 1. Do का forms इस प्रकार है- Do/ Does, Did, Done
(a) I do my work.
(b) I did not know him.
2. Have के forms इस प्रकार है- Has/ have ,Had ,Had
(i) Have का प्रयोग possession (अधिकार) दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है|
I have a car.
(ii) Have का प्रयोग ‘helping verb‘ के रूप में Perfect एवं Perfect continuous tense में होता है|
(a) I have not seen him.
(b) I had been waiting for him for a long time.
(iii) Have + infinitive का प्रयोग forced action (दबाव में किये जाने वाले कार्य) दर्शाने केलिए किया जाता है|
(a) I have to work hard.
(b) he had to leave her job.
3. Be के forms इस प्रकार है- Be , is ,am , was ,were ,been
अब H.V. एवं M. V. के रूप में इनका प्रयोग देखें –
(a) I am a doctor
(b) He was working hard.
(c) He has been to London.
Main verbs
I. Main verbs: वे Verbs जो Sentence में Main verbs के रूप में प्रयुक्त होते है और जिनके V1, V2, V3, ing-form, तथा s/es-form वाक्य में प्रयुक्त होते है Main verb कहलाते हैं|
जैसे: I know you.
I knew you.
I have known you for two years.
♦ ‘Main verb‘ वाक्य के tense के अनुसार विभिन्न forms में परिवर्तित होते है|
Forms of Verb
1. Present (1st form)
2. Past (2nd form)
3. Past Participle (3rd form)
4. Present Participle (-ing form)
Group – I
Present (1st Form) | अर्थ | Past (2nd Form) | P.Participate (3rd Form) | -ing Form | s/es Form |
Arise | उठना | Arose | arisen | arising | arises |
Awake | जागना | Awoke | awaken | awaking | awakes |
| Be | होना | was, were | been | being | is/was |
Bear | जन्म देना | Bore | born | bearing | bears |
| Bear | सहन करना | Bore | borne | bearing | bears |
| Become | बनना | Became | become | becoming | becomes |
Begin | आरम्भ करना | Began | begun | beginning | begins |
Bite | दांत से काटना | Bit | bitten | biting | bites |
Blow | हवा का चलना | Blew | blown | blowing | blows |
| Bind | बांधना | bound | bound | binding | binds |
| Bid | आज्ञा देना/ बोली लगाना | Bade | bidden | bidding | bids |
Break | तोडना | Broke | broken | breaking | breaks |
| Choose | चुनना | Chose | chosen | choosing | chooses |
Cling | निपटना | Clung | clung | clinging | clings |
Come | आना | Came | come | coming | comes |
| Dig | खोदना | Dug | dug | digging | digs |
Do | करना | Did | done | doing | does |
Draw | खींचना | Drew | drawn | drawing | draws |
Drink | पीना | Drank | drunk | drinking | drinks |
Drive | चलाना | Drove | driven | driving | drives |
| Eat | खाना | Ate | eaten | eating | eats |
Fall | गिरना | Fell | fallen | falling | falls |
| Find | पाना | Found | found | finding | finds |
Fly | उड़ना , उड़ाना | Flew | flown | flying | flies |
| Forget | भूल जाना | Forgot | forgotten | forgetting | forgets |
Freeze | जमना/ जमाना | Froze | frozen | freezing | freezes |
| Get | पाना | Got | got | getting | gets |
Give | देना | Gave | given | giving | gives |
| Grind | पीसना | Ground | ground | grinding | grinds |
Grow | बढ़ना , उगना | Grew | grown | growing | grows |
| Hang | लटकना | Hung | hung | hanging | hangs |
Hide | छिपाना , छिपना | hid | hidden | hiding | hides |
Hold | थामना | held | held | holding | holds |
| Know | जानना | knew | known | knowing | knows |
Lie | लेटना | lay | lain | lying | lies |
| Ride | सवारी करना | rode | ridden | riding | rides |
Ring | बजना/ बजाना | rang | rung | ringing | rings |
| Rise | उठना , उगना | rose | risen | rising | rises |
See | देखना | saw | seen | seeing | sees |
| Shake | हिलाना | shook | shaken | shaking | shakes |
Shine | चमकना | shone | shone | shining | shines |
| Shoot | फोटो निकालना , गोली मारना | shot | shot | shooting | shoots |
Shrink | सिकुड़ना | shrank | shrunk | shrinking | shrinks |
| Sing | गाना | sang | sung | singing | sings |
Sink | डूबना | sank | sunk | sinking | sinks |
| Sit | बैठना | sat | sat | sitting | sits |
Slay | वध करना | slew | slain | slaying | slays |
| Speak | बोलना | spoke | spoken | speaking | speaks |
Spit | थूकना | spat | spat | spitting | spits |
| Stand | खड़ा होना | stood | stood | standing | stands |
Steal | चुराना | stole | stolen | stealing | steals |
| Stick | चिपकना | stuck | stuck | sticking | sticks |
Strike | चोट मारना/ हड़ताल करना | struck | struck | striking | strikes |
| Swear | शपथ लेना | swore | sworn | swearing | swears |
Swim | तैरना | swam | swum | swimming | swims |
| Swing | झूलना | swung | swung | swinging | swings |
Take | लेना | took | taken | taking | takes |
Tear | फाड़ना | tore | torn | tearing | tears |
| Wear | पहनना | wore | worn | wearing | wears |
| Weave | बुनना | wove | woven | weaving | weaves |
Win | जीतना | won | won | winning | wins |
| Wind | चाबी लगाना | wound | wound | winding | winds |
Write | लिखना | wrote | written | writing | writes |
| Wring | निचोड़ना | wrung | wrung | wringing | wrings |
Group – II
नीचे दिए गए Verbs में 2nd form एवं 3rd form एक जैसे हैं, और 1st form में ed, en अथवा t लगाकर 2nd एवं 3rd form बनाए गए हैं।
Present (1st Form) | अर्थ | Past (2nd Form) | P. Participate (3rd Form) | -ing Form | s/es Form | |
| Abuse | गाली देना/दुरूपयोग करना | abused | abused | abusing | abuses | |
| Act | काम करना/ अभिनय करना | acted | acted | acting | acts | |
| Add | जोड़ना | Added | added | adding | adds | |
| Admire | प्रशंषा करना | Admired | admired | admiring | admires | |
| Advise | उपदेश देना | Advised | advised | advising | advises | |
| Allow | अनुमति देना | Allowed | allowed | allowing | allows | |
| Answer | उत्तर देना | answered | answered | answering | answers | |
| Appoint | नियुक्त करना | Appointed | appointed | appointing | appoints | |
| Appear | प्रकट होना | Appeared | appeared | appearing | appears | |
| Arrive | पहुंचना | Arrived | arrived | arriving | arrives | |
| Arrest | गिरफ्तार करना | Arrested | arrested | arresting | arrests | |
| Ask | पूछना/ कहना | asked | asked | asking | asks | |
| Attack | आक्रमण करना | Attacked | attacked | attacking | attacks | |
| Bark | भोंकना | Barked | barked | barking | barks | |
| Bathe | स्नान करना | Bathed | bathed | bathing | bathes | |
| Beg | भीख माँगना | Begged | begged | begging | begs | |
| Believe | विश्वास करना | Believed | believed | believing | believes | |
| Behave | व्यवहार करना | Behaved | behaved | behaving | behaves | |
| Bleed | खून बहना | Bled | bled | bleeding | bleeds | |
| Bless | आशीर्वाद देना | Blessed | blessed | blessing | blesses | |
| Break | तोडना/ टूटना | Broke | broken | breaking | breaks | |
| Bring | लाना | Brought | brought | bringing | brings | |
| Boil | उबालना | Boiled | boiled | boiling | boils | |
| Boast | डींगे मारना | Boasted | boasted | boasting | boasts | |
| Borrow | उधर लेना | borrowed | borrowed | borrowing | Borrows | |
| Build | बनाना/ निर्माण करना | Built | built | building | builds | |
| Burn | जलना/ जलाना | Burnt | burnt | burning | burns | |
| Buy | खरीदना | Bought | bought | buying | buys | |
| Call | पुकारना | Called | called | calling | calls | |
| Carry | ले जाना | Carried | carried | carrying | carries | |
| Catch | पकड़ना | Caught | caught | catching | catches | |
| Clean | साफ़ करना | Cleaned | cleaned | cleaning | cleans | |
| Close | बंद करना | Closed | closed | closing | closes | |
| Change | बदलना | Changed | changed | changing | changes | |
| Check | रोकना/ जांच करना | Checked | checked | checking | checks | |
| Climb | चढ़ना | Climbed | climbed | climbing | climbs | |
| Clap | ताली बजाना | Clapped | clapped | clapping | claps | |
| Copy | नक़ल करना | Copied | copied | copying | copies | |
| Collect | इकठ्ठा करना | Collected | collected | collecting | collects | |
| Complain | शिकायत करना | Complained | complained | complaining | complains | |
| Cook | पकाना | Cooked | cooked | cooking | cooks | |
| Count | गिनना | Counted | counted | counting | counts | |
| Confuse | उलझन में डालना | Confused | confused | confusing | confuses | |
| Consult | सलाह देना | Consulted | consulted | consulting | consults | |
| Cover | ढकना | Covered | covered | covering | covers | |
| Crow | बांग लगाना | Crowed | crowed | crowing | crows | |
| Cross | पार करना | Crossed | crossed | crossing | crosses | |
| Creep | रेंगना | Crept | crept | creeping | creeps | |
| Cry | चिल्लाना | Cried | cried | crying | cries | |
| Decorate | सजाना | Decorated | decorated | decorating | decorates | |
| Dance | नाचना | Danced | danced | dancing | dances | |
| Deceive | धोखा देना | Deceived | deceived | deceiving | deceives | |
| Defeat | हराना | Defeated | defeated | defeating | defeats | |
| Decide | निर्णय करना | Decided | decided | deciding | decides | |
| Desire | इच्छा करना | Desired | desired | desiring | desires | |
| Discover | खोज करना | Discovered | discovered | discovering | discovers | |
| Dip | डुबोना | Dipped | dipped | dipping | dips | |
| Die | मारना | Died | died | dying | dies | |
| Divide | बांटना | Divided | divided | dividing | divides | |
| Dream | स्वप्न देखना | Dreamed | dreamed | dreaming | dreams | |
| Dry | सुखना/ सुखना | Dried | dried | drying | dries | |
| Drown | डूबना | Drowned | drowned | drowning | drowns | |
| Dye | रंगना | Dyed | dyed | dyeing | dyes | |
| Earn | कमाना | Earned | earned | earning | earns | |
| Enter | प्रवेश करना | Entered | entered | entering | enters | |
| Employ | काम पर रखना | Employed | Employed | employing | employs | |
| Explain | समझाना | Explained | explained | explaining | explains | |
| Face | सामना करना | Faced | faced | facing | faces | |
| Fail | असफल होना | Failed | failed | failing | fails | |
| Fear | डरना | Feared | feared | fearing | fears | |
| Feed | खिलाना | Fed | fed | feeding | feeds | |
| Feel | महसूस/अनुभव करना | Felt | felt | feeling | feels | |
| Fell | गिराना | Felled | felled | felling | fells | |
| Flee | भागना | Fled | fled | fleeing | flees | |
| Fight | लड़ना | Fought | fought | fighting | fights | |
| Finish | समाप्त करना | Finished | finished | finishing | finishes | |
| Fine | जुर्माना लगाना | Fined | fined | fining | fines | |
| Float | तैरना (सतह पर) | Floated | floated | floating | floats | |
| Graze | चरना | Grazed | grazed | grazing | grazes | |
| Gather | इकठ्ठा करना/ होना | Gathered | gathered | gathering | gathers | |
| Have | रखना/ प्राप्त करना | Had | had | having | has | |
| Hate | घृणा करना | Hated | hated | hating | hates | |
| Hang | फांसी लगाना | Hanged | hanged | hanging | hangs | |
| Hear | सुनना | Heard | heard | hearing | hears | |
| Help | सहायता करना | Helped | helped | helping | helps | |
| Improve | सुधारना/ बेहतर करना | Improved | improved | improving | improves | |
| Invite | निमंत्रण देना | Invited | invited | inviting | invites | |
| Join | साथ में होना | Joined | joined | joining | joins | |
| Jump | कूदना | Jumped | jumped | jumping | jumps | |
| Keep | रखना | Kept | kept | keeping | keeps | |
| Kill | जान से मारना | Killed | killed | killing | kills | |
| Knit | बुनना | Knitted | knitted | knitting | knits | |
| Kneel | घुटनो के बल झुकना | Knelt | knelt | kneeling | kneels | |
| Lay | रखना/ अंडा देना/ न्योछावर करना | Laid | laid | laying | lays | |
| Lie | झूठ बोलना | Lied | lied | lying | lies | |
| Laugh | हंसना | Laughed | laughed | laughing | laughs | |
| Learn | सीखना/ याद करना | Learned | learned | learning | learns | |
| Leave | छोड़ना | Left | left | leaving | leaves | |
| Lend | उधार देना | Lent | lent | lending | lends | |
| Lose | खोना/ हारना | Lost | lost | losing | loses | |
| Like | चाहना | Liked | liked | liking | likes | |
| Listen | सुनना (ध्यान से) | Listened | listened | listening | listens | |
| Look | देखना | Looked | looked | looking | looks | |
| Live | रहना | Lived | lived | living | lives | |
| Lead | मार्ग दिखाना | Led | led | leading | leads | |
| Marry | विवाह करना | Married | married | marrying | marries | |
| Make | बनाना | Made | made | making | makes | |
| Mean | अर्थ लगाना | Meant | meant | meaning | means | |
| Meet | मिलना | Met | met | meeting | meets | |
| Move | हिलना | Moved | moved | moving | moves | |
| Melt | पिघलना | Melted | melted | melting | melts | |
| Mend | सुधारना | Mended | mended | mending | mends | |
| Mix | मिलाना/मिलना | Mixed | mixed | mixing | mixes | |
| Name | नाम रखना | Named | named | naming | names | |
| Need | आवश्यकता होना | Needed | needed | needing | needs | |
| Nip | सख्ती से कुचलना | Nipped | nipped | nipping | nips | |
| Obey | आज्ञा मानना | Obeyed | obeyed | obeying | obeys | |
| Open | खोलना | Opened | opened | opening | opens | |
| Order | आदेश देना | Ordered | ordered | ordering | orders | |
| Oppose | विरोध करना | Opposed | opposed | opposing | opposes | |
| Pay | चुकाना | Paid | paid | paying | pays | |
| Play | खेलना | played | played | playing | Plays | |
| Pray | प्रार्थना करना | prayed | prayed | praying | Prays | |
| Praise | प्रशंषा करना | Praised | praised | praising | praises | |
| Preach | उपदेश देना | Preached | preached | preaching | preaches | |
| Peep | झांकना | peeped | peeped | peeping | Peeps | |
| Plant | पौधा लगाना | Planted | planted | planting | plants | |
| Pluck | तोडना | Plucked | plucked | plucking | plucks | |
| Prepare | तैयार करना | Prepared | prepared | preparing | prepares | |
| Pull | खींचना | pulled | pulled | pulling | Pulls | |
| Prevent | रोकना | Prevented | prevented | preventing | prevents | |
| Punish | दंड देना | Punished | punished | punishing | punishes | |
| Prove | सिद्ध करना | Proved | proved | proving | proves | |
| Promise | वचन देना | Promised | promised | promising | promises | |
| Push | धक्का देना | pushed | pushed | pushing | Pushes | |
| Plough | खेत जोतना | Ploughed | ploughed | ploughing | ploughs | |
| Quarrel | झगड़ना | Quarreled | quarrelled | quarrelling | quarrels | |
| Rain | वर्षा होना | rained | rained | raining | Rains | |
| Reply | जवाब देना | Replied | replied | replying | replies | |
| Reach | पहुंचना | Reached | reached | reaching | reaches | |
| Receive | पाना/प्राप्त करना | Received | received | receiving | receives | |
| Refuse | इंकार करना | Refused | refused | refusing | refuses | |
| Rest | आराम करना | rested | rested | resting | Rests | |
| Resign | त्यागपत्र देना | Resigned | resigned | resigning | resigns | |
| Repair | मरम्मत करना | Repaired | repaired | repairing | repairs | |
| Remember | याद करना | Remembered | remembered | remembering | remembers | |
| Return | लौटना | Returned | returned | returning | returns | |
| Roar | गरजना | roared | roared | roaring | Roars | |
| Say | कहना | said | said | saying | Says | |
| Seek | अपेक्षा करना/ ढूंढ़ना | Sought | sought | seeking | seeks | |
| Sell | बेचना | sold | sold | selling | Sells | |
| Save | बचाना | saved | saved | saving | Saves | |
| Saw | आरे में चीरना | sawed | sawed | sawing | Saws | |
| Send | भेजना | sent | sent | sending | Sends | |
| Select | चुनना (छांट कर) | Selected | selected | selecting | selects | |
| Sleep | सोना | Slept | slept | sleeping | sleeps | |
| Stand | खड़ा होना | Stood | stood | standing | stands | |
| Stay | ठहरना | stayed | stayed | staying | Staya | |
| Spend | खर्च करना | Spent | spent | spending | spends | |
| Stop | रोकना | stopped | stopped | stopping | Stops | |
| Sweep | झाड़ू देना | Swept | swept | sweeping | sweeps | |
| Study | पढ़ना | Studied | studied | studying | studies | |
| Slip | फिसलना | Slipped | slipped | slipping | slips | |
| Talk | बात करना | Talked | talked | talking | talks | |
| Tell | कहना | Told | told | telling | tells | |
| Teach | पढ़ाना/ सिखाना | Taught | taught | teaching | teaches | |
| Think | सोचना | Thought | thought | thinking | thinks | |
| Tie | बांधना | Tied | tied | tying | ties | |
| Touch | छूना | Touched | touched | touching | touches | |
| Try | प्रयत्न करना | Tried | tried | trying | tries | |
| Trust | विश्वास करना | Trusted | trusted | trusting | trusts | |
| Use | इस्तेमाल करना | Used | used | using | uses | |
| Understand | समझना | Understood | understood | understanding | understands | |
| Walk | चलना | Walked | walked | walking | walks | |
| Wash | धोना | Washed | washed | washing | washes | |
| Wait | इंतज़ार करना | Waited | waited | waiting | waits | |
| Weep | रोना | Wept | wept | weeping | weeps | |
| Work | काम करना | Worked | worked | working | works | |
| Watch | निगरानी करना | Watched | watched | watching | watches | |
| Wish | चाहना | Wished | wished | wishing | wishes | |
| Wander | घूमना | Wandered | wandered | wandering | wanders | |
| Waste | नष्ट करना | Wasted | wasted | wasting | wastes | |
| Wed | विवाह करना | Wedded | wedded | wedding | weds | |
| Wound | घायल करना | Wounded | wounded | wounding | wounds | |
| Worship | पूजा करना | Worshipped | worshipped | worshipping | worships | |
| Wonder | हैरान होना | Wondered | wondered | wondering | wonders | |
| Wrap | लपेटना | Wrapped | wrapped | wrapping | wraps | |
| Yield | झुकना/ पैदा करना | Yielded | yielded | yielding | yields |
Group – III
निचे दिए गए Verbs के सभी forms एक जैसे हैं|
Present Past (1st Form) | अर्थ | Past (2nd Form) | P. Participle (3rd Form) | – ing Form | s/es Form |
| Bid | बोली लगाना | Bid | bid | bidding | bids |
| Bet | शर्त लगाना | Bet | bet | betting | bets |
| Burst | फूटना | Burst | burst | bursting | bursts |
| Cast | फेकना/ डालना | Cast | cast | casting | casts |
| Cost | मूल्य लगाना | Cost | cost | costing | costs |
| Cut | काटना | Cut | cut | cutting | cuts |
| Hurt | पीड़ा पहुँचाना | Hurt | hurt | hurting | hurts |
| Let | करने देना | let | let | letting | Lets |
| Put | रखना | Put | put | Putting | Puts |
| Read | पढ़ना | Read | read | Reading | Reads |
| Set | अस्त होना | Set | set | Setting | Sets |
| Shed | बहाना/ त्याग देना | Shed | shed | Shedding | Sheds |
| Shut | बंद करना | Shut | shut | Shutting | Shuts |
| Spread | फैलाना | Spread | spread | Spreading | Spreads |
| Thrust | ठूंसना / थोपना | Thrust | thrust | thrusting | Thrusts |
* Read एवं Study में अंतर है | Study का अर्थ है अध्ययन करना जबकि Read हम Magazine,newspaper इत्यादि को करते है |
